Acrochordon
- Aka Skin Tags
Definition
- Commonly known as skin tags or fibroepithelial polyps, are benign outgrowths of normal skin
Risk factors
- Acrochordons are common in adult individuals,
- Risk increases with age
- Obesity
- Diabetes mellitus
- Observational studies suggest that acrochordons may be a skin sign of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome
- Skin tags also appear with increased frequency during the second trimester of рrеgոаոϲу and may regress postpartum
Cause
- Acrochordons usually occur in sites of friction
- Axilla, neck, inframammary, and inguinal regions.
Clinical
- They can become symptomatic and bothersome for many patients when traumatized (eg, caught on jewelry, rubbed by clothing, itching).
- An infarcted аϲrοϲhοrԁοn, resulting from torsion of its peduncle, appears as a red or black lesion
Diagnosis
- Clinical
Treatment
- If irritating
- Cosmetic
Dermatofibroma
Aka Histiocytoma
Definition
- Common benign cutaneous neoplasm
- Fibroblasts of the dermis forming a nodule under the epidermis
Incidence
- Relatively common, F > M (4:1)
- Usually occurs in young adults / 20s
Aetiology
- Unknown, may have a genetic component
Clinical
- Mostly on extremities (mostly lower legs)
- Usually asymptomatic
- May have pruritus/tenderness
- 0.5-1cm hard nodule overlying skin can be many colours
- Nodule may feel like a frozen pea or a small pebble fixed to skin surface, freely mobile over subcutaneous tissue
- Characteristic tethering of the overlying epidermis with manual lateral compression of the skin = Dimple Sign
- Most are solitary
- Multiple seen in
- SLE, HIV, Leukaemia
Pathology
- Clonal cell growth
- Proliferation of fibroblasts ? reactive ? neoplastic
- Histology: Tumour is in the mid-dermis: Whirling fascicles of Spindle Cells
- (DDx: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans)
Investigations
- Excision Bx if suspicious / atypical
Management
- Removal of the tumour is not necessary, unless diagnostic uncertainty exists or troubling Sx are present – excised with subcutaneous tissue
Prognosis / Natural Hx:
- Slow growth
- Most lesions remain static indefinitely
Cutaneous neurofibroma
- Cutaneous ոеսrofibrоma is a benign nerve sheath tumor composed of cells of neuromesenchymal origin, including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells.