- Symptoms
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- ECG changes:
- Peaked T waves
- Flattening P wave
- Bradyarrhythmias, conduction blocks
- Widened QRS
- Causes:
- Acute renal failure (most common)
- Cellular injury (sepsis or ischaemia-reperfusion), rhabdomyolysis
- Treatment:
- Calcium gluconate
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Glucose-insulin infusion, salbutamol, calcium resonium.
- Dialysis